Помните, что с гласным звуком возможны следующие вариации:
[tʃu:], [tʃʊ], [tʃʌ], [tʃə]
[dʒu:], [dʒʊ], [dʒʌ], [dʒə]
[ʒu:], [ʒʊ], [ʒʌ], [ʒə]
[ʃu:], [ʃʊ], [ʃʌ], [ʃə]
Ex. 12. Прочтите пары слов.
actually – situation
eventual – eventuality
adventure – virtuality
fortunately – mutuality
actuality – statue
lecturing – venturing
picture – accentually
nature – intellectuality
creature – future
factually – fortune
structure – inactual
contextual – contactual
gradual – residual
graduate – schedule [ske]
graduation – education
procedure – individual
usual – casual
visual – closure
measure – pleasure
exposure – composure
Комбинация [s] + [j] внутри слов встречается редко:
sure – assure
tissue – issue
reassure – nonissue
insurance – issuance
Префикс, основа
Повторим, как можно изменить слово, добавив префикс.
Ex. 13. Прочтите пары слов и фразы.
do – redo
do – overdo
get – forget
got – forgot
fit – unfit
tie – untie
fit – profit
fill – refill
wake – awake
lock – unlock
come – outcome
form – perform
view – preview
pose – propose
long – prolong
tend – pretend
tent – content
fuse – confuse
firm – confirm
sent – consent
pute – compute
pare – compare
read – misread
serve – observe
happy – unhappy
cover – uncover
build – rebuild
come – overcome
ride – override
write – rewrite
chief – mischief
print – misprint
place – misplace
quote – misquote
pound – compound
plain – complain
sight – oversight
count – subscribe
scribe – discount
change – exchange
sleep – oversleep
stand – understand
perform – outperform
sourcing – outsourcing
to record a new record
to object to this object
to protest in the protest
to suspect the got the suspect
to contest the winner of the contest
Фразовый глагол – существительное
Ex. 14. Прочтите предложения. Первое будет содержать фразовый глагол, а второе – существительное.
I don't want you to come back.
This actor has made his comeback.
How to work around this problem?
He did a good workaround.
We need to print out this document.
Make me a printout.
The plane has taken off.
It was a smooth takeoff.
Let's back up and make another try.
Make a backup plan.
We need backup!
Let's take over this place.
Take them over to the place.
I broke up with that girl.
She had a rough breakup with that man.
Don't show off in front of the people; I hate that!
You're such a showoff!
We want to check in.
What time can we have a checkin?
Ударение в предложениях
Ex. 15. Меняйте ударение (акцентированное слово) в нижеследующих предложениях. Проследите, как меняется главная мысль сказанного.
Where did you go?
What would you like?
He didn't buy the house.
They wanted to drive downtown.
They walked home after the party.
I like her.
She said this.
I won the game.
Трехсложные слова, оканчивающиеся на скрытый слог -cle
Скрытые слоги подробно рассмотрены в конце Модуля 5.
Ex. 16. Прочтите пары слов со скрытым слогом.
particle – spectacle
pinnacle – chronicle
popsicle – pentacle
binnacle – denticle
bicycle – barnacle
miracle – obstacle
article – debacle
monticle – upcycle
dicycle – monocle
oracle – cubicle
nt между гласными, элизия t
В американском английском буква t стирается, когда буквосочетание nt стоит между гласных. Подробнее об этом сказано в Модуле 10 (упр. 6, 6.1).
Ex. 17. Прочтите пары слов, фразы, предложения.
enter – winter
twenty – printer
interview – interface
interstate – interrupt
percentage – advantage
international – pentagon
representative – accounting
Shouldn't I?
twenty bucks
wouldn't have
couldn't have
shouldn't have
a great interview
international airport
He lives in Toronto.
Разницу между I can и I can't можно показать интонацией:
You can do that. (ударение на do)
You can't do that. (ударение на can't)
В 'didn't I' и 'hasn't he' стоит звук [ə] после [d] и [z] соответственно. Поэтому правило сохраняется:
Didn't I tell you?
Did they enter the building?
They don't even try to do it.
He has done the job. Hasn't he?
What's the point of your speech?
Не забывайте, что элизия t происходит и здесь:
Isn't she nice?
Isn't she pretty?
Элизия h
Во многих распространенных фразах при быстрой речи происходит элизия h. Подробнее об этом сказано в Модуле 10 (упр. 9).
Ex. 18. Прочтите фразы с элизией h.
Is he?
Did he?
Will he?
Would he?
Does he?
Was he?
Has he?
Can he?
what's her name?
what's his motive?
what's his number?
А здесь элизия t и h:
Isn't he?
Doesn't he?
Doesn't he like it?
Посколько h в слове he "стерлась", то nt, стоящая между гласными звуками дает только [n].
Быстрая D
Быстрая D подробно рассмотрена в Модуле 10.
Ex. 19. Прочтите фразы и предложения.
1) what I – but I – that I
What I like.
But I don't.
That I saw.
2) what I'm – but I'm – that I'm
I wanna know what I'm supposed to see?
The thing that I'm gonna get.
But I'm outta town.
3) what I've – but I've – that I've
That's what I've learned.
But I've heard it before.
The news that I've never heard of.
4) what if – but if – that if
What if you won't like the coffee?
But if you need help, just lemme know.
He told me that if I study hard, I'll pass the exam.
5) what is – but is – that is
What is this?
What is life?
The plan seems promising, but is still far from perfect.
You needa focus on your goal, that is, achieving your best performance.
achieving –> [əˈtʃiːvɪŋ]
6) what isn't – But isn't – that isn't
Здесь можно просто "стереть" t.